Reliability engineering of electronic equipment a historical perspective

Spermatozoa: A Historical Perspective

The 100,000th scientific article on the subject of spermatozoa was recently published. Many studies have evaluated the characteristics of this important cell leading to great discoveries. Since its first observation and description in 1677, many important characteristics have been described regarding this highly fascinating gamete. In this review, our objective has been to provide a historical ...

Understanding Electronic Commerce from a Historical Perspective

The aim of this paper is to use historical insights from modern commerce as entry points to examine the macro-level phenomena associated with electronic commerce (EC). Commerce in its modern form first appeared in early 13 century Italy where conducive political conditions existed. Trade facilitated the exchange of goods, thereby enhancing the efficiency of processes between production and cons...

The Local Limit Theorem: A Historical Perspective

The local limit theorem describes how the density of a sum of random variables follows the normal curve. However the local limit theorem is often seen as a curiosity of no particular importance when compared with the central limit theorem. Nevertheless the local limit theorem came first and is in fact associated with the foundation of probability theory by Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fer...

Electronic Resources and Academic Libraries, 1980-2000: A Historical Perspective

OVERTHE PAST TWENTY YEARS, ACADEMIC COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT specialists have dealt with dramatic changes, brought about by decreasing purchasing power and the growing importance of electronic resources. Throughout this period, collection managers have rethought their efforts and revised criteria for the selection of materials in new formats while also maintaining traditional collections. Looking...

Description of the human races: A historical perspective